What is HPV?
Genital papillomavirus infection is a sexually transmitted infection (IPP).The causative agent of papillomavirus infection is human papilloma viruses (HPV).Human papilloma viruses are a virus group that includes about 100 different types.More than 30 types of HPV are sexually transmitted, the genitals and anus of women and men are infected.
Most infected people do not know about their illness, have no clinical manifestations and, moreover, can recover spontaneously.
Some of these viruses are called "high -risk carcinogenic viruses," they can cause pre -financeous genital injuries.Recent studies have confirmed HPV's main role in the development of cervical cancer.The high risk of HPV also plays a role in the occurrence of vulva cancer, vagina in women and penis cancer in men.High-risk viruses include 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69 types of HPV types are responsible for 95-98% of cervical cancer cases.They cause an increase in abnormal cells, which are usually flat and almost invisible during usual examination compared to benign warts caused by low -risk viruses - 6, 11 types.Benign anogenital warts appear 2 to 6 months after infection.In the development of pre -employed or carcinogens associated with high -risk HPV transport, the years are coming out for years and a spontaneous healing usually occurs for HPV.
The infection is more common at age 15 to 40 and affects the same women and men.In 50 years of life, about 80 % of women will acquire HPV infection.
About 50-75% of sexually active people are infected with HPV during their lives and, in most cases, the infection does not cause a disease and is cured spontaneously.
Approximately 90% of people infected with HIV also have HPV infection.
How HPV is transmitted
Human papillomas infection is transmitted through sexual intercourse.Most infected do not have visible manifestations of the disease, so HPV patients do not know their infection and can infect their sexual partners.Sometimes an infected mother can infect a newborn during delivery.This can lead to so -called newborn papillomatosis.
Infection manifestations
Most infected people don't know that.HPV usually does not cause manifestations in the skin and mucous membranes.Part of people develop sex warts or pre -employed changes on the cervix, vulva, anal region or penis.Very rarely, these changes come directly into cancer.From infection to the development of severe dysplasia, on average, 20 years of approval.Most women are spontaneously cured for 9 to 15 months from the moment of infection.The main manifestation of papillomavirus infection are sexual warts or pointed condiles (VPV 6 and 11 are caused) - soft wart formations in a short leg, similar to colored cabbage or a rooster crest with a different place (penis head, penis, lips, vagina, uterus neck, an area of an area).Clear condiles appear 2 to 6 months after infection.Visible condilomas are detected during the exam.
Infection diagnosis
Diagnoses of Condil are made based on inspection.HPV high coffee risk diagnoses and related changes, a more difficult task.The diagnosis of pre -employed cervical diseases based on many was based on a cytological analysis of smear (study of a spot under a microscope).However, it has several significant disadvantages - complexity, low sensitivity and high frequency of vacant results.The American Committee FDA (Medicifications and Food Committee) approved the study of HPV with the polymerase chain reaction method - PCR, which can determine 13 types of high risk of HPV.HPV PCR has high sensitivity, easy to perform.Articular use of cytological studies and PCR tests can significantly increase the efficacy of diagnosis, sensitivity increases to 99 - 100%.It is important that the identification of the high risk of HPV occurs long before the appearance of pre -employed changes in the mucous membranes.
PCR research on high -risk HPV is recommended:
- - As a main method, in addition to cytology for women over 30 years old.
- - To solve the dubious results of cytological research.
- - Patients in treatment for dysplasia or cancer.
- - In the first stage of diagnosis for countries where papillomavirus infection programs are poorly organized.
- - For the examination of men.
Is it possible to heal this disease?
The diagnosis and treatment of STDs should be performed under the conditions of a specialized clinic - a DCV, which has all the necessary means for a quick and accurate diagnosis.
Today there is no specific medicine against HPV.There are many methods of removal of the CONDIL, but the disease may return again, as the virus remains in the human body.Relapses are possible in 25% of cases for 3 months after treatment.In the treatment of Condyl, an examination of sexual partners is required.However, the vast majority of sexual partners are infected with HPV and simply have no visible manifestations of the disease.
The treatment of pre -finance diseases is the use of chemical, physical and others, in order to alter the structure of affected areas of mucous membranes, as well as the use of immunity drugs.In the future, an annual cytological study and HPV determination are required by PCR.
What is the connection between HPV and cervical cancer?
Only facts:
- High -risk papillomas viruses are the main cause of cervical cancer.
- In cases of severe dysplasia and cervical cancer, HPV is detected in almost 100% of cases.
- HPV identification is associated with an increase of 250 times in the risk of severe dysplasia.
- Cervical cancer occupies the 1st place among the causes of female mortality in developing countries.
- Cervical cancer ranks 2nd after breast cancer among women in the 250,000 deaths of the world annually.
- In Russia, 12,300 women annually receive cervical cancer and more than 6,000 patients die annually.
- In the last 10 years, the average age of patients has decreased from 58 to 55 years.
- In women under 29, the incidence increased by 2 times.
- The high risk of HPV is caused by cervical cancer in 100% of cases, anus cancer is 90%, vaginal and vulva cancer - 40%, penis cancer - 40% and oropharyngeal cancer in 12% of cases.
- The American Cancer Society was scheduled for 2004, which in approximately 10,520 women will develop aggressive cervical cancer and approximately 3,900 women will die from this disease.Most women with aggressive cervical cancer did not undergo adequate examination for HPV infection.
Infection prevention
The safest way to prevent sex infection with HPV is to abstain from any sexual contact with another individual.
Long -term sex with a permanent sexual partner does not provide 100% guarantee of HPV infection.It is difficult to determine without special tests if a sexual partner is currently infected.
Latex male condoms, with proper use, reduce the risk of infection.
Any manifestations, such as pain or unpleasant sensations when urinating, an unusual rash, discharge is a sign for interrupting sexual contacts and immediate examination at a specialized clinic.If the patient was found by STDs, he should inform his sexual partners so that they also undergo full examination and appropriate treatment.This will reduce the risk of serious complications and prevent the possibility of re -infection.